1. Natural Law- The people possess in alien able rights

Where do our rights come from? If something is legal, does that make it right?

This is the fundamental principle of American constitutionalism. The principle of Natural Law posits that our rights exist prior to the establishment of government, that these rights are a gift from God, and that they are part of our nature. Natural law theory is essential to the concept of liberty because it imposes moral limits on political power. There are certain things that the government has no authority to do.

2. Liberty- The purpose of government!

How do we protect Liberty?

Government exists to protect our natural rights while promoting order and stability. The protection of our liberty is the ultimate goal of the government. Liberty is related to freedom, but they are not the same thing, and the Founders rarely used the latter term except in a cautionary sense. You’ll learn that in American constitutionalism, liberty and natural law are inherently related.

3. Limited Government- Our government has limited powers

What would you do with absolute power? What powers should the government have? Would you trust other people with absolute power?

Our government is one of limited rather than absolute power. There are certain things the government is permitted to do, and certain things it is prohibited from doping. Arguments over the scope of governmental power were central to debates over ratifications of the Constitution. This remains an important principal of American constitutionalism yet one that is constantly debated and tested.

4. Popular Sovereignty- Power comes from the people

Where does the government get its power from? Who is ultimately in charge?

The principle of popular sovereignty means that in our country there is no higher political power than the people. The people delegate power to the government to be used on their behalf. If the government abuses that power, the people can alter the government through elections or amendments. Legitimate governments in the American constitutional system is based on the consent of the people.

5. Rule of Law- Our government must follow the constitution.

Does the law apply only to certain people? Is anyone above the Constitution?

One of the cornerstones of our political system is our belief in the rule of law. This is the principle that laws must be properly made, applied equally to all persons, and properly enforced. Our government officials must follow and uphold the law even if they disagree with it. The rules of law are essential to treating people fairly and preventing the abuse of political power.

6. Equality- Our Government must treat people equally

How would you react if your rights were violated? What can you do to promote justice?

Have you ever been treated unfairly? Equality before the law is a key element of the American political system. It stems from the Founder’s belief that “all men are created equal” and should be treated the same in the “eyes of the law”. Our political system should not favor one person over another nor privilege one group of the people over another. Justice requires that each of us be treated the same by our government.